What condition results in thick mucus and scarring in the lungs?

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the exocrine glands, leading to the production of thick and sticky mucus in various organs, particularly the lungs and digestive system. This thick mucus obstructs the airways, making it difficult for individuals to breathe normally and creating an environment conducive to bacterial infections. Over time, this chronic inflammation and blockage can cause scarring or damage to lung tissue, known as bronchiectasis, where the airways become permanently dilated and damaged.

While asthma involves inflammation and constriction of the airways, it does not primarily lead to thick mucus production or scarring in the lungs. Bronchiectasis itself is often a complication that can arise from untreated cystic fibrosis, as the continuous cycle of infection and inflammation leads to worsening lung damage. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a productive cough and inflammation of the bronchi but is distinct from cystic fibrosis in its mechanism and causes.

Therefore, cystic fibrosis distinctly results in both thick mucus and scarring in the lungs, which aligns with its pathophysiological processes and clinical manifestations.