What is the primary process affected in Parkinson's Disease?

The primary process affected in Parkinson's Disease is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. This neurodegeneration primarily occurs in a specific area of the brain known as the substantia nigra, which is crucial for controlling movement and coordination. The loss of these neurons leads to a significant decrease in dopamine levels, a neurotransmitter that plays a vital role in transmitting signals to coordinate smooth and controlled movements.

As dopamine levels drop due to neuron degeneration, individuals may experience characteristic symptoms of Parkinson's, including tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. The disease is chronic and progressive, meaning that as more neurons are affected over time, the symptoms may worsen.

Although other processes may also play a role in Parkinson's Disease or be associated with it, such as inflammation or potential autoimmune responses, the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons is the central pathological mechanism and directly contributes to the hallmark motor symptoms of the disease.